A quad is one of four macro regimes — every period is sorted by whether growth and inflation are rising or falling.
The markers flag the team’s current read. What each regime rewards in practice is set out under Optimal Positioning, further down this tab.
As of the October 26, 2026 board unless a panel states otherwise.
Rates
Fed funds3.75–4.00%
2-year Treasury4.71%
10-year Treasury4.99%
30-year Treasury5.30%
Curve — 10-year minus 3-month+0.74%
Spreads — AAA42bp
Spreads — BBB111bp
Spreads — high yield337bp
Source: Market close · Date: October 26, 2026 (curve and AAA/BBB spreads: October 23, 2026)
How to read this:
- Every spread is measured over US Treasury bonds of similar maturity — the federal government’s risk-free rate
- A spread of 1.00% means those corporate bonds pay one percentage point more than Treasuries — investors demand extra yield for default risk
- AAA is the highest credit rating (the safest borrowers, the thinnest spread)
- BBB is the lowest investment-grade rating (the widest spread before ‘high yield’)
Fed policy bias
Hawkish tilt
Held at 3.75–4.00% on October 28 — and the only dissents wanted a hike. December is now the live meeting.
The October 28 decision
Funds rate — held3.75–4.00%
Vote10–2
Dissents — Cook & HammackFor a +25bp hike — a first this cycle
StatementGrowth upgraded to “strong” · will “deliver price stability”
Forward guidanceNone — Warsh let the statement speak
What the market prices
Hike at the December 8–9 meeting~85% priced
Implied funds rate — end of 2026≈ 4.09%
Implied funds rate — September 2027≈ 4.7%
Easing priced anywhere in 2027None
Futures price roughly three more hikes by September 2027 and no easing at all — market pricing sits on the other side of the easing-by-mid-2027 framework.
The Fed’s own projections — September SEP
Funds rate — end of 20264.1%
Funds rate — end of 20274.1%
Funds rate — longer run3.2%
Core PCE — 2026 / 20273.4% / 2.5%
Unemployment — end of 20264.1%
Sixteen of the eighteen officials who submitted projections pencilled in at least one more hike this year — and the dots refresh at the December meeting.
Distance from the target
Core PCE, year-on-year3.1%
Gap to the 2% target+1.1 points
Core PCE, September month+0.3%
Real policy rate (funds midpoint less core PCE)≈ +0.8%
The gap widened in September — core inflation is moving away from the target, not toward it, which is exactly the case the two dissenters were making.
Balance sheet & calendar
Balance sheet — total assets$6.75 trillion
Runoff (QT)Ended Dec 2025
Next decision — Dec 8–9Fresh SEP projections
2027 calendarRate votes at 7 of 8 meetings — one session turns strategy-only, no vote or statement (announced October 28)
The balance sheet has been broadly flat since runoff ended — reserve-management purchases now offset the remaining mortgage runoff. A balance-sheet task force reports to the FOMC early in 2027.
Sources: Federal Reserve, FOMC statement and press conference, October 28, 2026 · CME FedWatch, October 29, 2026, and fed funds futures, October 28, 2026 · Federal Reserve, September 2026 Summary of Economic Projections (released September 16, 2026) · BEA, PCE price index, September 2026 (released October 29, 2026) · Federal Reserve H.4.1, week ended October 21, 2026
Recession watch
Low recession risk — next 12 months
LowWatchElevatedHigh
0 of 8 components sit in recession territory, and 1 is on watch — payrolls. The evidence is the board itself:
Early warnings — leading indicators 0 of 5 warning
The smoke detectors — they have turned before every modern recession, typically 6–18 months ahead.
Yield curve — 10-year minus 3-month+0.87%Clear
The bond market’s recession alarm
Flips red below 0% (inverted) · October 28, 2026
Leading Economic Index — 6-month change+0.6%Clear
Ten forward-looking series rolled into one index
Flips red on a sustained six-month fall · September 2026
ISM factory new orders55.3Clear
Factory new orders — demand before production
Flips red below 50 (contraction) · September 2026
Jobless claims — 4-week average196,750Clear
The fastest layoff signal there is
Flips red on a sustained climb above ~300,000 · Week ended October 24, 2026 · Trending down
High-yield spreads (OAS)3.37%Clear
What investors charge shaky borrowers
Stress zone — the flip line — at 5.00% · October 26, 2026
Where we are now — coincident indicators 0 of 3 in recession territory · 1 on watch
The confirmation — by the time these break, a recession is usually already starting.
Unemployment rate4.2%Clear
The share of workers without a job
Watch zone above 4.5% — it has held a 4.1–4.3% range since March · September 2026
Sahm rule0.00Clear
Unemployment’s momentum against its own 12-month low
Triggers at +0.50 — this reading is as far from the line as it gets · September 2026
Payrolls — 3-month average+51KWatch
Net hiring, smoothed over three months
Stall speed is +50K a month; negative means contraction · Jul–Sep 2026 (September alone +29K, after 60K of downward revisions)
Labor detail — context rows (not scored)
Job openings (JOLTS)7.1M
Employers’ unfilled demand for labor
August 2026, BLS · Down 256K on the month to the lowest since March — about one opening per unemployed person; the September print lands November 3
Wage growth — average hourly earnings+3.0% y/y
Pay growth across private nonfarm workers
September 2026, BLS · The slowest annual pace since May 2021 — pay is now rising more slowly than prices
How to read this: every component is a public series shown against the level that has marked recessions in the past — the threshold is printed on its row. The headline band counts the warnings rather than averaging them: Low means no early warning is flashing and nothing current has broken; Watch takes one leading warning or one coincident break; Elevated takes two or more leading warnings; High means the Sahm rule has triggered, or three or more warnings lit at once. No probability is attached and no score is computed behind the scenes — the lights are the evidence.
Sources: U.S. Treasury yields (October 28, 2026) · The Conference Board LEI and ISM Report On Business (September 2026) · U.S. Department of Labor (week ended October 24, 2026) · BLS Employment Situation (September 2026) and JOLTS (August 2026) · ICE BofA U.S. High Yield OAS via FRED (October 26, 2026). Updated as each series prints.
What to expect — long-run return assumptions
Stocks 6.3% · Bonds 5.0% the Street’s base case, per year over 10 years
- The base case is the average of published Wall Street long-horizon forecasts — the assumptions the big houses themselves build plans on
- The bull case is the desk’s scenario: a return to long-run normal, not a boom
- Build expectations on the base case; treat the bull case as something the market has to earn
Base case — Street averageBull case — desk scenario
Stocks
US large-cap stocks6 houses · range 3.1–9.0%
US small-cap stocks3 houses
Developed international stocks4 houses
Emerging-market stocks5 houses
Real assets & credit
Real estate (REITs)2 houses, definitions differ
7.1%
No desk bull case — base only
Investment-grade credit1 house published
6.1%
No desk bull case — base only
Bonds & cash
US bonds (Aggregate)4 houses · range 4.7–5.6%
Cash / T-bills3 houses · the bull case runs lower — rates fall in that world
- The headline: in its base case the Street pays stocks only about 1.3 points a year more than bonds
- Two of the six houses expect bonds to match or beat US stocks outright
- A 60/40 portfolio works out to about 5.8% a year on the base case and 8.2% on the bull case
- The bull case is normal, not euphoric: US stocks back to their long-run ~10% compounding needs earnings growth of about 8%, the shareholder yield of about 2%, and no shrinkage in valuations
- Earned if AI productivity broadens, credit stays contained and the 10-year Treasury normalizes instead of rising
- Private equity is left off the chart deliberately: house forecasts run from 9.2% to 15.9%, too dispersed to average honestly
Today’s earnings-yield spread — forward earnings yield 4.93% (1 ÷ 20.3 forward P/E) less the ~5.00% 10-year Treasury, October 23, 2026 close−0.07% ≈ zero
Stocks pay you nothing extra in current earnings yield over bonds today — the entire case for equities rests on future growth, which is exactly what the base and bull cases above are arguing about.
Base case: simple average of published 10-year nominal return forecasts — J.P. Morgan LTCMA 2027 edition (October 2026), BlackRock (August 2026), Vanguard (September 30, 2026), Goldman Sachs, Schwab (2026), Research Affiliates (December 31, 2025); houses per class shown on each row. Cross-check: the 43-firm Horizon Actuarial survey averages US stocks 6.5% and core bonds 4.9%. Bull case: the desk’s scenario, reviewed weekly. Compiled October 27, 2026. Illustrative and hypothetical — not a prediction; see Disclosures.
Equity valuations
Forward P/E20.3x
CAPE40.6x
Source: Market data · Date: As of October 23, 2026
Geopolitics rating
YELLOW — Cautious
Grant’s qualitative read, updated weekly — geopolitical temperature: Elevated. Drivers:
- Houthi strikes on Saudi Aramco energy infrastructure
- Brent $115.81
- Russia sanctions package suspended before taking effect
Source: Grant — Politics & Geopolitics Strategist · qualitative read, updated weekly · Date: Week of October 23, 2026
Inflation
Core CPIabout 2.4–2.5%
PCE headline, year-on-year3.4%
Core PCE3.0%
TrajectoryRising, energy-led
Next PCE printOctober 29
Source: BEA (PCE) · Date: August 2026 for PCE; next PCE print October 29
US federal debt
$40.44 trillion total
Held by the public$32.6 trillion
Share of GDProughly 127%
TrajectoryRising about $5 billion a day
Debt limit$41.104 trillion
Headroomroughly $0.9 trillion
Source: U.S. Treasury · Date: October 22, 2026
Money market assets
$7.94 trillion
Change on the weekUp $21.5 billion
Institutional$4.83 trillion
Institutional, year-on-yearUp 10.2%
Source: ICI · Date: Week ended October 21, 2026
Margin and leverage
4.61% of GDP — margin debt
The highest since 1997.
Source: Margin debt as a share of GDP · Date: Latest reading on the October 23, 2026 board
Consumer savings rate
4.1% of disposable income
Amount saved$990.2 billion
July4.6%
Two-decade averageroughly 5.9%
Source: BEA · Date: August 2026
Consumer sentiment
91.7 Conference Board Consumer Confidence
The headline survey on this board — the Conference Board’s is the sturdier of the two. It rebounded 7.5 points in October, off September’s revised 84.2 (first reported at 81.9, a 12-year low), as gasoline prices eased.
Present Situation Index120.4
Expectations Index72.6
The Board’s recession line for Expectations80 — still below it
Frame of reference: the index’s all-time high is 144.7 (2000) and it stood at 132.6 in February 2020, against a long-run average in the high 90s. October is a rebound off the floor, not a return to normal — and the expectations half stays under the line the Board itself associates with recession within a year.
University of Michigan — the second read
Sentiment index (final)48.0
Current conditions / expectations46.7 / 48.8
Year-ahead inflation expectations4.7%
Frame of reference: 48.0 is the second-lowest reading in the survey’s history — below the June 2022 low of 50.0, which stood as the record until this year; the all-time low is 44.8 (May 2026). Against a long-run average in the mid-80s, today’s print also sits below the level seen at the start of every recession since the survey began.
The two surveys measure different things: the Conference Board leans on how people see the job market; Michigan leans on personal finances and prices. They can honestly disagree — a household can feel secure about work and squeezed at the pump at the same time — and the gap between them is itself information.
Fear & Greed — the market’s mood (CNN)
Now 36 — Fear, at the October 28 close.
0 · Extreme fear50 · NeutralExtreme greed · 100
Previous close34
A week ago27
A month ago37
A year ago32
Sources: The Conference Board, Consumer Confidence Survey (October 2026, released October 27, 2026) · University of Michigan, Surveys of Consumers, final October 2026 (released October 23, 2026) · CNN Fear & Greed Index, as reported for the October 28, 2026 close (month- and year-ago readings as published October 26, 2026)
The consumer, in actions
Sentiment is what they say; this panel is what they do — the two together are the robust read.
Real consumer spending (PCE)≈ 0.0%
Inflation-adjusted spending — the broadest “do” there is
September 2026, BEA · Nominal spending rose 0.5%, but prices rose nearly as fast — real volume rose less than 0.1%, a step down from August’s +0.55%, the largest real gain since March 2025
Retail sales — control group+0.1%
The slice of retail that feeds GDP — strips out autos, gasoline, building materials and restaurants
September 2026, Census Bureau · After +1.2% in August; the headline’s +0.8% was mostly gasoline (+6.4%)
Credit cards 90+ days late12.8%
Share of card balances in serious delinquency — the New York Fed’s quarterly count
Q2 2026 (released August 11; next report November 10) · Read it with the flow: newly-serious delinquencies are flat at ~7.0% — the 12.8% stock still counts old charged-off balances sitting on credit reports
Revolving credit−4.2%
Card borrowing at an annual rate — consumers paid cards down in August
August 2026, Federal Reserve G.19 · Balances of $1.352 trillion, down from July’s record
Sources: BEA, Personal Income and Outlays (September 2026) · U.S. Census Bureau, retail sales (September 2026) · Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Household Debt and Credit (Q2 2026) · Federal Reserve, G.19 Consumer Credit (August 2026). Updated as each series prints.